Enclosure, Spittle, Co. Limerick

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Spittle, Co. Limerick

Somewhere in the grazing land of Spittle townland in County Limerick, a low circular earthwork sits quietly in a field, its outline softened by a ring of trees.

It is the kind of feature that a walker might cross without registering, yet it represents a category of monument that once shaped the social and agricultural landscape of early medieval Ireland. Enclosures of this type are commonly associated with ringforts, the enclosed homestead sites, typically defined by a bank and ditch, that served as farmsteads and places of residence across the Irish countryside for roughly a thousand years.

The monument appears on the first edition six-inch Ordnance Survey map of 1840 as a raised circular platform defined by a scarp, and by 1897 the twenty-five-inch edition records it in more detail: a roughly oval area measuring approximately 26 metres north to south and 31 metres east to west, enclosed by a bank with a gap at the south-east, and accompanied by an external fosse, or ditch, on its southern and south-western sides. By that later date, sections of both the bank and the fosse had already been absorbed into the surrounding field boundary system, a process that the evidence suggests began after 1700. Three sides of the original enclosure, at the north-east, south-east, and south-west, were intersected by these later boundaries. When the Ordnance Survey visited the townland in 1840, their field notebooks recorded this as one of three ancient forts in the area, a detail preserved in the Ordnance Survey Name Books covering the stretch from Abbeyfeale to Bruree.

The enclosure lies roughly 85 metres south-west of a watercourse that marks the boundary between Spittle and the neighbouring townland of Knockaunnacurra. On recent satellite imagery, including Digital Globe orthoimages taken between 2011 and 2013, the circular form remains legible, defined largely by its tree-lined bank. Access to the site itself would require landowner permission, as it sits in private pasture. Those with an interest in early landscape archaeology will find that the aerial and satellite record, freely available through Google Earth, gives a reasonable impression of the monument's shape and survival, even where a ground visit is not straightforward.

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