Enclosure, Steelaun, Co. Mayo

Co. Mayo |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Steelaun, Co. Mayo

A nearly circular earthwork sits on a terrace above Rathfran Bay in north Mayo, overlooking the water to the south-east, with a steep ridge closing off the horizon to the north-west.

It is quietly anomalous: a monument that does not appear on either the 1836 or the 1922 Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, meaning it went unrecorded by the cartographers who fixed so much of rural Ireland's landscape onto paper during those two surveys. The enclosure itself is modest in scale, roughly 22 to 23 metres across, defined by a low, sod-covered stone bank that has been worn and absorbed by later agricultural activity. Field clearance stones have been piled onto it, a later field wall has swallowed part of its southern arc, and a second wall cuts through its northern side entirely. The cumulative effect is a structure that has been slowly digested by the working landscape around it.

At the centre of the enclosure there is an irregular hollow, somewhere between five and seven metres across, edged on one side by a further low stony bank. This hollow appears to be the product of disturbance rather than an original feature, though what caused it is not recorded. The enclosure type, a roughly circular area bounded by a bank, is broadly consistent with a rath, the kind of enclosed farmstead that was common in early medieval Ireland, typically used to define a family's living space and protect livestock. A confirmed rath does in fact sit around 200 metres downslope to the south-east, which raises the possibility that this site and that one belong to the same broader settlement pattern. To the south-west, in the wet ground that borders the terrace, lie several fulachtaí fia, a term for ancient burnt mounds, accumulations of fire-cracked stone left behind by repeated episodes of water heating, generally associated with prehistoric activity. The clustering of these different site types around a single wet, marginal area is the kind of quiet archaeological pattern that the landscape here does not advertise.

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