Enclosure, Stroan, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
In a field in Stroan, County Kilkenny, a large circular enclosure once sat clearly enough in the landscape to be mapped by Ordnance Survey cartographers in 1839.
Today it is gone, at least to the naked eye. The earthwork was levelled at some point after the nineteenth century, and what remains can only be read from above, as a cropmark, the kind of faint discolouration in growing crops or soil that betrays buried features beneath the surface. Cropmarks form when buried ditches or banks affect how vegetation grows above them, often showing up most clearly in dry summers when the differential moisture retention becomes visible from altitude.
The first OS six-inch map, produced in 1839, recorded the enclosure as roughly 80 metres across in overall diameter. By the time of the 1899 to 1902 revision, only the north-eastern quadrant was still being depicted, suggesting the earthwork had already lost much of its above-ground form by that point. Aerial photography from March 2004 confirmed what ground-level survey could not, and a Google Earth image captured on 25 April 2021 produced the clearest picture yet. That satellite image reveals an enclosure with an internal diameter of around 30 metres and an overall diameter of approximately 70 metres, defined by what appears to be an inner fosse, a bank, an outer fosse, and an outer bank. A fosse, in this context, is simply a ditch, typically cut to define and defend a boundary. The 2021 image also suggests an entrance roughly 11 metres wide through the outer bank and fosse in the east-south-east sector, oriented towards the south-east. Enclosures of this general type, roughly circular with concentric earthwork boundaries, are found across Ireland and are often associated with early medieval settlement, though the Stroan example has not, on the available evidence, been dated more precisely than its cartographic appearances allow.