Enclosure, Tullanvoolty, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
A roughly oval earthwork sitting in poor, wet pasture about 135 metres south of the River Goul in County Kilkenny is not the sort of monument that announces itself.
Its defining features, a raised bank, a fosse, and an outer bank, are the classic anatomy of an enclosure, a type of monument built throughout early medieval Ireland to demarcate a settled area, enclose a farmstead, or mark ground with ritual significance. What makes this particular example quietly odd is what sits beside it rather than within it.
The enclosure measures approximately 25 metres north to south and 34 metres east to west, with its inner bank rising around 1.4 metres above the slightly saucer-shaped interior, which dips eastward by about a metre. The surrounding fosse, a rock-cut or earthen ditch typically used for drainage or defence, runs between 3.5 and 5 metres wide and reaches a depth of 1.8 metres, though both it and the outer bank disappear in the eastern quadrant. The 1839 first-edition six-inch Ordnance Survey map shows the monument as tear-drop shaped and oriented east to west, but by the 1900 edition something had changed: a field boundary cuts in from the west, joining the southern bank, and a curving dashed line marks out the western quadrant separately from the rest of the enclosure. On the ground, that western area, roughly 15 metres by 14 metres, sits about a metre lower than the enclosure itself, as does a similar-sized area immediately to the south. The most plausible explanation offered is quarrying, which would place activity at or around the monument well into the post-medieval period, gradually reshaping the ground around an already ancient earthwork. When the site was inspected in 1987, it was heavily overgrown, which makes close reading of these surface differences all the more difficult.