Enclosure, Tyrone, Co. Galway

Co. Galway |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Tyrone, Co. Galway

On the eastern shore of Tyrone Bay in County Galway, a low headland conceals something that only became visible from the air.

It took an aerial reconnaissance flight in October 1984 to reveal the outline of a large oval enclosure sitting quietly in the coastal grass, its boundaries defined by a wide, low bank of stone that has long since been absorbed into the ground surface. At roughly 72 metres north to south and 55 metres east to west, it is a substantial feature, yet at ground level it reads as little more than a gentle undulation in the landscape.

What makes the site particularly interesting is its internal complexity. A grassed-over stone wall runs diagonally across the interior in a northeast to southwest direction, effectively dividing the enclosed space. About 16 metres from its southwestern end, there is a narrow gap of around 2 metres, which may have functioned as a passage or gateway between the two internal zones. A further bank extends from the southwestern side of this gap, running off in a northwesterly direction. Abutting the western face of the dividing wall, just north of the gap, are the foundations of a rectangular house, a building type that in an Irish rural context could date anywhere from the medieval period into the post-medieval era. Additional traces of walling extend from the northwestern corner of the house, angling back towards the main enclosing bank. The overall arrangement suggests a settlement that was organised with some deliberateness, with movement, division of space, and the relationship between dwelling and enclosure all apparently considered. Enclosures of this kind, oval or roughly circular in plan and defined by earthen or stone banks, are a recurring feature of the Irish landscape, used across centuries for purposes ranging from livestock management to defended habitation.

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