Enclosure, Wallstown, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
At Wallstown in County Kilkenny, there is an ancient enclosure that has, in the most literal sense, vanished from the landscape.
Walk the reclaimed grassland at the foot of the hills to the south-west, where the flat valley floor begins to rise, and you would see nothing unusual underfoot. Yet the enclosure is still there, or at least the ghost of it is, legible only from the air.
The site was recorded on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1839 and appeared again on the revision of 1900, described as an oval enclosure defined by a wide fosse, a term for a defensive ditch, running to around five metres across. At roughly 40 metres north to south and 38 metres east to west, it would have been a substantial feature in the valley. At some point after that 1900 survey, the enclosure was levelled, most likely through agricultural improvement of the kind that reshaped so much of the Irish countryside during the twentieth century. What the 1839 surveyors could walk around and measure has since been absorbed entirely into the surrounding fields. Its survival as a record depends now on satellite imagery: on a Google Earth capture from 28 June 2018, the outline reappears as a cropmark, the subtle differential growth of grass or crops over buried soil and disturbed ground that betrays the fosse beneath. Cropmarks of this kind are often only visible during dry summers, when vegetation stress reveals the contrasts in soil moisture that earthworks, even levelled ones, leave behind.
