Field system, Knockfennell, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ritual/Ceremonial
At the base of Knockfennell Hill on the northern shore of Lough Gur, a roughly D-shaped ringfort sits at the centre of a ghost landscape: a web of earthen fences and small enclosures that once divided the lower hillslope into a working agricultural system.
The fences are mostly earthen, the hut sites that were noted by earlier surveyors have since faded from view, and the lake itself has shifted. When the first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map was drawn, the ringfort stood at the very edge of Lough Gur's shoreline. It now sits some 40 metres back from the water, meaning the ground you walk across to reach it was once lakebed.
The site was recorded in detail by O'Kelly in 1944, who described the fort as partly carved from the hillslope, steep on its northern side where a fosse, or defensive ditch, was cut, and built up artificially on the southern side to create something approaching a level platform. At its highest on the south, the bank stood 3.6 metres tall, with a maximum diameter of around 25 metres. A ringfort, for those unfamiliar with the form, is a circular or near-circular enclosed settlement typical of early medieval Ireland, usually defined by a bank and ditch and often associated with a single farming household. The finds recovered from excavation here, including ring pins, pointed to an early Christian period date, though the excavation report was never published. By 1978, O'Kelly and O'Kelly were describing the field system surrounding it as another system of ancient fields, a phrase that quietly acknowledges how layered the archaeology around Lough Gur had become. Within 200 metres of this spot there is also a cashel (a stone-walled enclosure similar in function to a ringfort), a stone circle, a possible settlement platform, and to the south across the water, a crannóg on Garret Island, an artificial or modified island used as a dwelling site.
The site is a National Monument in state ownership. Aerial photographs, including earlier OSI imagery, show the linear earthworks of the field system clearly to the northwest of the ringfort, forming small irregular enclosures across the slope. On the ground, the earthworks are more subtle, and the hut sites O'Kelly noted in 1944 are no longer distinguishable from the air. Loughgur House stands around 300 metres to the northwest. The broader Lough Gur landscape is well signposted and has an interpretive centre nearby, which provides useful context for making sense of the density of monuments crowded onto these hillslopes and shores.