Field system, Stephenstown, Co. Dublin
Co. Dublin |
Ritual/Ceremonial
At Stephenstown in County Dublin, a stretch of early medieval farmland lies largely intact beneath the surface, preserved in situ after road construction works prompted archaeologists to investigate what was there before the ground was broken.
What they found was not a single monument but an organised agricultural landscape, a sub-rectangular field system connected to a bivallate ringfort, meaning a ringfort enclosed by two concentric earthen banks and ditches rather than the more usual single ring. The two features together suggest a farming settlement of some substance, the kind of place where people lived, worked, and ate across several generations.
Excavation reference 07E0836 Ext. uncovered a 67.5-metre section of the ditch running along the western edge of the field system, along with two internal ditches and evidence of pit activity. The ditch itself was U-shaped in profile, roughly 3.9 metres wide at the top and narrowing to 0.6 metres at the base, with a maximum depth of 2.4 metres. Its fills of silt, sand, and clay contained considerable quantities of animal bone. Radiocarbon dates taken from wood recovered near the base of the ditch returned results of 673 to 858 AD, while material from the upper portion dated to 779 to 960 AD, placing the site firmly in the early medieval period. A copper stick pin recovered from the uppermost fill pushed the date of use a little later, to the late twelfth or early thirteenth century. Inside the ditch, excavators also found a keyhole-shaped cereal-drying kiln, a small stone-lined or clay-cut feature used to dry harvested grain before storage or milling, containing carbonised remains of oat, barley, and wheat. The combination of grain types suggests a varied and functioning agricultural operation.
Because the majority of the field system was preserved in situ rather than fully excavated, much of what the site contains remains underground. The excavation was carried out in advance of road construction, so the accessible area is shaped by that context rather than by any visitor infrastructure. Those with a particular interest in early medieval settlement archaeology in Leinster may find it worth cross-referencing the associated ringfort record DU005-115 through the Sites and Monuments Record, which can help locate the broader landscape in which the field system sits.