Flat cemetery, Burgage More, Co. Wicklow
Co. Wicklow |
Burial Grounds
At the edge of the Pollaphuca reservoir in County Wicklow, a slow kind of archaeology is happening without anyone lifting a trowel.
The reservoir, created when the River Liffey valley was deliberately flooded, has been stripping the land at the south-eastern edge of Burgage More townland for decades. Wave action and fluctuating water levels have scraped away the topsoil and a good portion of the subsoil across what was once a level plateau near the crest of an east-facing slope, leaving a small cliff around the shoreline that tells its own story: roughly 30 to 40 centimetres of earth simply gone. What that erosion has revealed is a flat cemetery, the kind of burial site so unassuming at ground level that it leaves almost no surface trace, its presence detectable only once the land above it has been eaten away.
Before the flooding, this spot would have looked out over the Liffey valley from close to a steep natural drop, a position confirmed by the Cassini edition of the Ordnance Survey map. A cursus, a type of elongated Neolithic enclosure that likely served a ceremonial or processional function, is visible on the hill to the east. The burial pits themselves are small and unshowy. Working with Pauline Gleeson and Sean Kirwan of the National Museum of Ireland, excavators identified two pits cut into hard yellow clay subsoil. The clay's firmness made the pits relatively easy to read once the surface was cleaned back: they appeared as patches of softer brown soil containing charcoal and burnt bone, the bone showing as small white flecks. The first pit was oval, measuring roughly 23 by 18 centimetres and only 10 centimetres deep; the second, slightly to the west, was smaller still at 20 by 18 centimetres and just 5 centimetres deep. No pottery was recovered. The presence of burnt bone suggests cremation burials, though the tiny scale of the pits and the absence of other finds makes it difficult to say more with confidence.