Fulacht fia, Ballycarrane, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Settlement Sites
A low mound in waterlogged pasture near the Limerick townland of Ballycarrane turns out to contain several centuries of human activity layered one on top of another, each phase quietly erasing or disrupting whatever came before.
The site is one of a pair, its companion sitting on the opposite side of a dried-up river channel, and the two together suggest a landscape that was repeatedly returned to, perhaps because of the reliable presence of water rather than despite it.
Fulachta fiadh are among the most common prehistoric monuments in Ireland, typically recognised as horseshoe-shaped mounds of burnt and fire-cracked stone, the debris from a cooking method that involved heating rocks in a fire and dropping them into a water-filled trough to bring it to the boil. This example, excavated by Mary Deevy in 1999 during monitoring ahead of the N20/N21 Adare to Annacotty road scheme, proved more complicated than the type usually allows. The mound, roughly circular and about twelve metres across, sat on the northern side of what was probably a tributary of the River Maigue. Beneath it, separated from the fulacht fiadh layers by deposits of peat and, in places, finely crushed shells, were earlier features including stake-holes arranged in a linear east-west alignment. At a separate phase, a deep rectangular pit had been dug through the peat and then backfilled almost immediately; inside the fill, a small polished stone axehead had been deliberately placed, an act that feels purposeful rather than accidental. Later still, someone cut through the accumulated mound to install a well of drystone limestone construction, built over what appears to have been a natural spring. That spring ran strongly enough to require a dedicated stone drain to carry the overflow towards the low ground between the two sites, and it is likely that its insertion destroyed whatever trough the fulacht fiadh had originally relied upon.
The site is not marked on Ordnance Survey historic mapping and sits in poorly drained agricultural land roughly 70 metres north of a stream that forms the townland boundary with Monearla. It came to light only because of infrastructure development, and there is nothing to see at ground level today. Its interest lies entirely in what the excavation revealed: a sequence of use stretching across multiple periods, each one making use of the same wet, spring-fed ground, and at least one moment in that sequence when somebody chose to mark the occasion by burying a polished axe in a pit they had just dug and immediately filled in again.