Fulacht fia, Ballycullane, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Settlement Sites
A low mound sitting in flat, wet Limerick pasture might easily be dismissed as a quirk of the field, a spoil heap, or simply uneven ground.
This particular example at Ballycullane is something considerably older: a fulacht fia, the term used for a type of prehistoric cooking site found widely across Ireland and Britain, typically consisting of a trough for heating water using fire-heated stones, surrounded by a mound of the cracked and discarded stones left over from repeated use. The mound here measures roughly ten metres north to south, six metres east to west, and stands about 0.7 metres high, with a slight central depression that is thought to mark the original trough position. The deposits found just beneath the sod, burnt heat-shattered stone and dark black charcoal, are entirely characteristic of the type.
What makes this site quietly interesting is how recently and accidentally it came to light. It does not appear on any Ordnance Survey historic maps, and aerial survey images from the 2005 to 2013 period failed to pick it up. It was only in 2005, during archaeological monitoring of drainage and tree-mound excavation works carried out in advance of afforestation, that the site was identified by archaeologist O'Mahony. Once found, the drains running through a surrounding exclusion zone measuring 55 metres north to south and 40 metres east to west were backfilled, and the area was left unplanted. The site sits approximately 190 metres west of the Grange townland boundary and around 290 metres north of a ring-barrow cemetery, a burial monument type common in the Bronze Age landscape of this part of Munster. Additional low mounds to the west of the field drain may represent further fulacht fia sites, though their form is ambiguous enough that no firm identification has been made.
Because the area was deliberately excluded from planting, it remains visible as an open patch within what is otherwise afforested ground, and can be identified on Google Earth imagery from 2006 onwards. The site is recorded at National Grid Reference 161972/141713. Access is across private farmland, so anyone wishing to visit should seek landowner permission in advance. The ground here is low-lying and wet, so appropriate footwear matters, particularly after rain. The mound itself is subtle; the slight hollow at its centre is the detail most worth looking for once you are standing on it.