Fulacht fia, Ballyvollane, Co. Limerick

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Ballyvollane, Co. Limerick

A scatter of fire-cracked stones in a low-lying field near the Shannon floodplain is not the kind of thing that announces itself.

No marker, no OS map reference, no visible mound to catch the eye. What lies at Ballyvollane is a fulacht fia, a type of Bronze Age cooking site found in considerable numbers across Ireland, typically identified by the characteristic mound of heat-shattered stone left behind after repeated use. The basic method involved heating stones in a fire and dropping them into a water-filled trough until the water boiled, a practical if labour-intensive way of cooking. What makes this particular example quietly interesting is not just its age but the circumstances of its discovery and what turned up once the ground was opened.

The site came to light not through planned investigation but as a consequence of infrastructure work. Archaeological monitoring by Avril Hayes, carried out under licence 01E0169 during the laying of a Clareville to Newcastle pipeline, revealed a spread of burnt and fire-cracked stone measuring 12 metres north to south by 4 metres. Subsequent excavation by Frank Coyne, under licence 02E1403, uncovered a series of pits and natural hollows, all filled with the same fire-shattered stone and charcoal that characterises these sites. One pit yielded a sherd of Beaker pottery, a type of vessel associated with communities living in Ireland and Britain during the later Neolithic and early Bronze Age, pointing to considerable antiquity. Alongside the pottery was a piece of worked timber, tentatively interpreted as a wooden scoop or shovel, apparently broken and left behind. About 10 metres to the east, a shallow rectangular pit measuring 1.4 metres by 0.9 metres was also found cut into the sand, filled with burnt stone and charcoal flecks, and containing part of an animal tooth. Whether this second pit was directly connected to the main activity area remains uncertain.

The site sits in lowlying grassland on the Shannon floodplains, roughly 700 metres from the river itself, and does not appear on any Ordnance Survey map. There is nothing to see at ground level in any conventional sense; the excavation is long finished and the land has returned to ordinary agricultural use. Its interest lies in knowing it is there, somewhere underfoot in that unremarkable field, and in what the finds suggest about people moving through this riverside landscape several thousand years ago, heating stones, breaking tools, and leaving things behind.

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