Fulacht fia, Baunreagh, Co. Limerick

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Baunreagh, Co. Limerick

At Baunreagh in County Limerick, a Bronze Age cooking site was found and lost within what appears to have been the same working day.

A fulacht fia, the term given to those low, horseshoe-shaped mounds of fire-cracked stone found scattered across the Irish countryside, typically marks a place where our prehistoric predecessors heated water by dropping furnace-hot stones into a trough, most likely for cooking meat or, as some researchers now argue, for brewing or bathing. They are among the most common archaeological monument types in Ireland, numbering in the thousands. What makes the Baunreagh example unusual is not what survived but what did not.

The site came to light during topsoil-stripping carried out as part of Bord Gáis Éireann's Pipeline to the West project. An archaeologist, Brian Halpin, working under licence 02E0750, identified a small burnt spread approximately seventeen metres west of a nearby recorded fulacht fia (registered as LI019-268), on the opposite side of a stream. The two sites, separated by water, may once have been part of the same broader landscape of activity along that waterway, streams being a defining feature of fulacht fia locations given the need for a ready water supply. Once Halpin flagged the discovery and the area was cordoned off, however, heavy machinery moved through and destroyed all trace of the possible archaeology before any proper investigation could take place. The episode is documented by Erin Grogan, Liam O'Donnell, and Peter Johnston in their 2007 publication, The Bronze Age Landscapes of the Pipeline to the West, where it is noted with the particular flatness that archaeological reports reserve for irreversible losses.

There is, in practical terms, nothing to see at Baunreagh now. The pipeline corridor altered the ground considerably, and the specific spread of burnt material that Halpin recorded no longer exists in any recoverable form. The registered neighbouring site, LI019-268, remains on the record and may still be detectable in the landscape for those who know what to look for, the characteristic scorched stone and darkened soil that accumulates over centuries of use. The value of Baunreagh lies less in any physical remains than in what the record preserves: evidence that Bronze Age activity extended across both banks of this particular stream, and a reminder of how quickly an unexcavated site can disappear once heavy machinery is involved.

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