Fulacht fia, Inchanappa, Co. Wicklow

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Inchanappa, Co. Wicklow

A scatter of charcoal and fire-cracked stone spread across a ploughed field in County Wicklow might not look like much at first glance, but it is almost certainly the remnant of a fulacht fia, one of the most common and yet still puzzling monument types in the Irish archaeological record.

At Inchanappa, the spread measures roughly six by seven metres and consists of heat-shattered stones ranging from broken cobbles down to small fragments, the kind of material that accumulates over repeated cycles of heating and quenching.

A fulacht fia, sometimes called a burnt mound, is a prehistoric cooking site, though other uses including bathing, dyeing, or industrial processes have been proposed. The typical method involved heating stones in a fire, then dropping them into a water-filled trough to bring it rapidly to the boil. The stones crack and eventually become useless, and the discarded fragments pile up into the characteristic horseshoe-shaped mound that survives at so many Irish sites. The Inchanappa example sits near the base of a south-east facing slope, a position consistent with the tendency of these sites to appear close to natural water sources or areas of ground that would have held water. It is one of three possible fulachtaí fiadh recorded in the same field, which is itself unusual and suggests the location held particular appeal or practical value over an extended period of use.

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