Fulacht fia, Killeens, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Settlement Sites
Beneath what appeared, before excavation, to be an unremarkable horseshoe-shaped mound in marshy ground beside a stream at Killeens, Co. Cork, lay one of the better-documented examples of a fulacht fia in the country.
A fulacht fia is a type of prehistoric cooking site, typically consisting of a trough for boiling water and a surrounding mound of heat-shattered stone built up from repeated use. This one sat 16 metres in diameter and stood 1.4 metres high, its opening facing north, part of a cluster of three such monuments in the same area.
When archaeologist M. J. O'Kelly excavated the site in 1963, he found the central pit contained a rectangular trough carefully lined with oak. It measured 1.76 metres long, 1.3 metres wide, and 0.52 metres deep, its base formed by four non-contiguous planks and its sides built up with horizontal timber, each plank averaging about five centimetres in thickness. The gap between the trough and the walls of the pit had been packed with peaty material, stones, and moss, providing both insulation and support. The method would have been straightforward: stones heated in a nearby fire were dropped into the water-filled trough to bring it to a boil, then used to cook meat. What was not straightforward was what turned up beneath the base of the trough: a small ring, gold-plated over a copper core. Whether it was deliberately placed, lost, or left as something more intentional is unknown. A radiocarbon date recorded by Ó Drisceoil places the site at approximately 3,115 years before present, broadly in the Bronze Age, which aligns with the period when fulachta fiadha were in widespread use across Ireland.