Fulacht fia, Lisnagry, Co. Limerick

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Lisnagry, Co. Limerick

In a patch of low-lying, poorly drained rough pasture in County Limerick, within earshot of a railway line and close to the encroaching edges of suburban housing, a small dark mound in the earth turned out to be roughly three and a half thousand years old.

It left no trace on Ordnance Survey historic maps. It was not discovered through any tradition of local knowledge. It came to light only because a road was being built.

A fulacht fia, to give it its Irish term, is a type of prehistoric cooking site, typically consisting of a water-filled trough into which stones were heated in a fire and then dropped to bring the water to the boil. The cracked and discarded stones accumulate over repeated use into a characteristic horseshoe-shaped mound of blackened material, and these mounds are among the most commonly identified archaeological features in Ireland. The site at Lisnagry, about 1.5 kilometres south-east of the River Shannon, was identified in 2006 by Tracy Collins during test trenching carried out in advance of the Southern Limerick Ring-Road, under Ministerial Direction Order A026. Excavation followed the same year, led by Áine Richardson. The burnt mound itself measured roughly 7 metres east to west and 6.2 metres north to south, sitting in a slight natural hollow in the ground. Its dark, blackish silty clay was packed with heat-shattered stone and charcoal. A charcoal fragment from the mound, identified as belonging to the Pomoideae family, which includes hawthorn and apple relatives, was radiocarbon dated to between approximately 1614 and 1463 BC, placing the mound in the Early to Middle Bronze Age. About a metre from the northern edge of the mound, excavators found a rectangular pit, almost certainly the trough itself, measuring around 2.9 metres by 0.9 metres. It too was filled with heat-shattered stone and charcoal-flecked clay, and samples from it yielded charred grains of hulled barley, dated slightly earlier, to between approximately 1729 and 1534 BC. Cereal grains and nutshells from the mound deposit suggest this was not simply a place for boiling water; food processing of some kind was taking place here.

The site is no longer accessible as a standing monument; it was excavated as part of a road scheme and the findings exist now in the archaeological record rather than in the landscape. Anyone interested in following up the detail of what was found can consult the excavation report by Áine Richardson, published in 2009, which documents the stratigraphy, finds, and dating evidence in full.

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