Fulacht fia, Mellefontstown, Co. Cork

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Mellefontstown, Co. Cork

In a field at Mellefontstown in County Cork, something ancient and largely invisible lies beneath the grass.

What survives of this fulacht fia, a type of prehistoric cooking site found in great numbers across Ireland, amounts to a spread of burnt and heat-shattered stone mixed with charcoal-darkened soil, roughly sixteen metres long and fourteen metres wide. It was not spotted by a field walker or a farmer with a spade, but by the more detached eye of aerial photography, which picked it out as a dark soil mark against the surrounding pasture.

Fulachtaí fia, the plural form, are among the most common archaeological monuments in Ireland, yet they remain quietly mysterious. Most date to the Bronze Age, somewhere between 1500 and 500 BC, and the standard interpretation is that they were used for boiling water, probably for cooking meat, by repeatedly heating stones in a fire and dropping them into a water-filled trough. The burnt, cracked stones were then discarded into a characteristic horseshoe-shaped mound. Over millennia, these mounds have settled and spread, and the one at Mellefontstown now registers mainly as a dark patch in the soil chemistry, the organic residue of repeated burning still faintly legible from the air long after the mound itself has been dispersed by agriculture.

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