Fulacht fia, Tullyland, Co. Cork

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Tullyland, Co. Cork

In a ploughed field in Tullyland, Co. Cork, a dark spread of scorched and cracked stone about fourteen metres across marks a spot where people cooked, and possibly bathed or brewed, thousands of years ago.

This is a fulacht fia, one of the most common prehistoric monument types found across Ireland, and one of the least dramatic to look at. The visible evidence is essentially a low mound of fire-shattered rock, blackened and fragmented by repeated heating and sudden cooling, left behind after generations of use and then forgotten beneath the soil.

Fulachtaí fia, the plural form, are Bronze Age cooking sites, typically found near water sources. The usual method involved heating stones in a fire, then dropping them into a water-filled trough, which would bring the water rapidly to the boil. The cracked and spent stones were discarded to the side after each use, and over time these accumulations built up into the horseshoe-shaped mounds that archaeologists recognise today. The Tullyland example sits in a stream valley on land that was relatively recently reclaimed for agriculture, which is why the burnt spread is visible at all; ploughing has exposed what would otherwise lie beneath the surface. The roughly fourteen-metre diameter of the burnt material suggests a site of reasonable extent, though without excavation it is difficult to say more about its date, duration of use, or the precise character of the trough that once sat at its centre.

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