Habitation site, Clonava, Co. Westmeath

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Settlement Sites

Habitation site, Clonava, Co. Westmeath

What is now a patch of ordinary reclaimed grassland near the shores of Lough Derravaragh in County Westmeath was, somewhere between four and a half and six thousand years ago, a lakeshore knapping site, a place where Mesolithic people sat and chipped stone tools from a locally quarried, distinctively banded flint-like rock.

Nothing visible remains. The ground gives no hint of what lies beneath it, or once lay at its surface.

The site only came to light because of a drainage scheme. When the Inny River was lowered in the 1960s, the water level of Lough Derravaragh dropped with it, exposing the old Mesolithic shoreline and the small calcite mudstone knoll known as Clonava Island. It was Dr J. Raftery of the National Museum of Ireland who first noticed the scatter of worked stone here and brought it to the attention of Professor Frank Mitchell of Trinity College Dublin. Mitchell excavated a four-metre square area and found the debris in distinct layers beneath the fen peat: charcoal, struck chert, hazelnuts, fragments of burnt sandstone, and, at the centre of the site, a dense concentration of chert debitage, the waste flakes left behind when a knapper shapes a tool. Chert debitage is essentially the off-cuts of prehistoric stone-working. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal produced a date of around 5,360 years before present, and more recent re-dating of carbonised hazelnut shells from the lowest level pushed the occupation back further, returning calibrated dates ranging from roughly 4,680 to 4,045 BC. A second Mesolithic scatter was found just 200 metres to the north-east, suggesting this corner of the lakeshore saw repeated use. The chert itself is unusual: described as 'festoon' chert for its banded structure, it weathers and disintegrates easily on exposure to air, and its source has been identified at natural outcrops on Knockeyon Hill nearby. On the 1837 Ordnance Survey six-inch map, the findspot sits on a small headland at the point where the Inny River meets the lake, a location that would have made considerable practical sense to people moving along waterways.

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