Hilltop enclosure, Curragh, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Enclosures
At Curragh in County Cork, a roughly circular earthwork sits at the top of a hill with the land dropping away sharply to the south and east, opening up an extensive view across the southern landscape.
What makes the site quietly puzzling is not simply its position but its construction: two concentric earthen banks separated by a fosse, the U-shaped ditch typical of bivallate enclosures, enclosing a roughly symmetrical area of about 75 metres across. It looks, at first glance, like a hillfort, the kind of commanding, defended high ground that Iron Age communities chose across Ireland. But the classification does not quite fit.
The enclosure falls well short of the scale associated with Irish hillforts, which typically enclose considerably larger areas. Bivallate defences, meaning two banks with an intervening ditch, are also not a feature commonly found in confirmed Irish hillforts. This was the assessment of Dr Barry Raftery, a leading authority on Irish Iron Age archaeology, whose view is on record in connection with this site. The inner bank stands to about 1.7 metres on its outer face and the outer bank to around 1.6 metres, both respectable dimensions suggesting the enclosure was built and maintained with some care. The entrance faces northwest. The outer fosse survives most clearly along the arc from south-southwest to northeast. The interior rises toward the north, where the ground reaches the actual summit of the hill. A low scarp running roughly west-northwest from the inner bank on the southeast side may be a later, unrelated addition. The whole is now edged by a coniferous plantation that wraps around from west to east, and the interior is scattered with tree boles under sparse scrub.
The site sits on a working rural landscape and the plantation pressing against its western and eastern edges gives the enclosure a slightly enclosed, absorbed quality on the ground, in contrast to the openness its builders would have experienced. The banks are clearest on the south-southwest to northeast arc, and standing near the entrance on the northwestern side gives the best sense of the original layout.