House - Bronze Age, Ballybrowney, Co. Cork

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House – Bronze Age, Ballybrowney, Co. Cork

What survives of this Bronze Age house at Ballybrowney in County Cork is not walls or foundations in any conventional sense, but a pattern of absences: a shallow trench cut into the earth, and a series of small pits where wooden posts once stood.

Together they trace the outline of a circular dwelling roughly seven metres across, part of a cluster of three such structures uncovered in 2003 before road-building works for the N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy Bypass obliged archaeologists to excavate the ground ahead of the machinery. It is the kind of site that asks something of the imagination, offering geometry where there was once a home.

The house was defined by a slot-trench, a narrow channel cut to receive a sill beam, the horizontal timber from which a lightweight outer wall of stakes and wattle would have risen. Wattle construction involves weaving thin branches or rods between upright stakes to form a panel, which was typically then plastered with daub. Running concentrically inside this trench was a ring of six post-holes, the footprints of the posts that carried the main structural weight of the roof. A single central post-hole suggests there was an additional roof support at the building's heart. The east-facing entrance, just under three-quarters of a metre wide, was flanked by two notably larger post-holes, presumably holding the stouter timbers that framed the doorway. One of those entrance post-holes contained a fragment of a saddle quern, a flat stone used for grinding grain, repurposed here as packing material to stabilise the post. A radiocarbon date taken from the other entrance post-hole places the construction of this building somewhere between 1620 and 1440 BC, firmly within the Middle Bronze Age, a period when small farming communities across Ireland were building in exactly this circular tradition.

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