House - early medieval, Cush, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
House
There is nothing to see at this spot in a reclaimed pasture on Slievereagh in County Limerick, and that is precisely what makes it worth knowing about.
Beneath the grass lies the ghost of an early medieval house, fully excavated, chemically analysed, and then quietly returned to invisibility. No marker, no outline, no trace. The evidence for an entire domestic world, possibly several successive ones built one on top of another, exists now only in a published excavation report and the memory of disturbed soil.
The site sits within a densely layered archaeological complex on what antiquarian T. J. Westropp identified as the supposed site of Temaír Erann, the ancient cemetery of the Ernai tribe on Slievereagh. Bowl-barrows, which are low, rounded burial mounds dating to the Bronze Age, lie 40 metres to the north-east; an excavated cist, a small stone-lined burial box, sits 15 metres to the north; and a group of ringforts occupies the field to the east. It is the kind of place where the dead and the living seem to have shared ground across millennia. The house itself, designated 'House f', was excavated by Seán P. Ó Ríordáin between 1934 and 1935. He found a roughly circular structure about 3.96 metres in diameter, with a compacted clay and gravel floor and upright stone slabs forming the lower courses of the walls. Above those stone footings, the walls had been built using wattle-and-daub, a technique in which a woven framework of thin branches is plastered with clay or mud; the Chemistry Department at University College Cork confirmed this from a burnt whitish layer, roughly 7 centimetres thick, that contained calcined bone and the remains of fired clay daub. A narrow sunken passage on the southern side of the floor puzzled the excavators, and its purpose was never resolved. More intriguing still, the cluster of small stake-holes found to the west of the structure was far too dense to belong to a single building, suggesting the site had been built on, abandoned, and built on again, more than once.
Cush is accessible in the sense that the landscape is open hill country, but the house site itself has no visible surface remains whatsoever. Anyone walking the area should treat the wider archaeological complex as the point of interest; the ringforts to the east retain at least some visible form, and the broader terrain of Slievereagh gives a clear sense of why this elevated ground, overlooking much of south Limerick, would have drawn people across so many different periods. The flint arrowheads recovered from the stake-holes are the kind of detail that rewards reading Ó Ríordáin's original 1940 report before visiting rather than after.