House - indeterminate date, Hazelfort, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
House
On the southern end of a ridge in undulating grassland at Hazelfort in County Galway, a low earthwork complex holds within it the faint outline of what was once someone's home.
The structure itself is tiny, a subcircular form measuring roughly 2.6 metres by 1.8 metres, defined by a grassed-over stony bank with what appears to be an entrance on its eastern side. Taken on its own, it would be easy to walk past without a second thought. What makes it more remarkable is the setting in which it sits: the interior of a double-banked rath, a type of enclosed farmstead commonly built in early medieval Ireland, where a circular earthen enclosure, here roughly 36 metres north to south and 33 metres east to west, provided both a physical and symbolic boundary around the lives of those who lived inside.
The rath itself survives in fair condition, though it has not escaped interference over the centuries. The inner bank remains visible from the north-northwest around to the northeast and again at the southwest, while elsewhere the ground simply drops away in a scarp that serves the same enclosing function. The outer bank and the fosse, the ditch between the two banks, can still be traced from the west through north to the northeast, but from the southeast around to the west-southwest, both have been disturbed by quarrying, leaving only three low berms as evidence that a fuller outer bank once existed. Beneath the interior, a probable souterrain adds another layer to the site; souterrains are underground stone-lined passages or chambers, often interpreted as places for food storage or refuge, and their presence within raths is well documented across Ireland. Some 30 metres to the east, a small oval enclosure defined by an earthen bank is visible, and to the west a short boulder-lined stretch of road, approximately 12 metres long and 6 metres wide, runs nearby; both features are thought to be later additions to the landscape rather than original parts of the rath complex.