House - medieval, Inis Gé Thuaidh, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
House
On the north-east slope of a sandhill called Bailey Mór, on the island of Inis Gé Thuaidh off the Mayo coast, there is nothing left to see.
The ground surface shows no trace of the medieval house that once stood here, and yet the excavation carried out in 1939 revealed a domestic world in considerable detail, preserved beneath the sand until someone thought to look.
The house, recorded as House A in Françoise Henry's 1945 publication, was a subrectangular structure built in drystone, a method requiring no mortar, relying instead on careful fitting of stone against stone. Rather than simply laying foundations at ground level, the builders began by digging a pit, lining it with upright slabs, then continuing the walls upward in slightly corbelled courses, meaning each horizontal layer of flat slabs projected fractionally inward, a technique associated with early medieval Irish and Atlantic island architecture. The walls were thin and had survived poorly, but enough remained to read the building's layout. A door and a window both faced north-east, and a large slab found leaning near the doorway appeared to fit the inner frame precisely; Henry suggested it may have functioned as a movable door. Across the room, a soot-blackened opening in the south-west wall seems to have served as a flue for a substantial hearth at the centre, built in two phases and lined with stone and clay. In the south-east corner, upright slabs divided off a small area thought to have been used for sleeping. The finds recovered during excavation give a sense of the people who lived here: a probable iron knife, bone pins and points, a stone spindle whorl for spinning thread, a disc of whalebone, a broken quern for grinding grain, a hollow sheep's horn, a fragment of schist, and quantities of animal bone, fish bone, and shell. It is a list that speaks of a community sustaining itself by fishing, farming, and small-scale craft on a small Atlantic island.
Two further medieval houses, conjoined, survive a few metres to the north-west of this site and together the cluster offers some sense of how this part of the island was once occupied. The site is a National Monument in state ownership.