Kiln - corn-drying, Ballynacarriga, Co. Cork

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Kilns

Kiln – corn-drying, Ballynacarriga, Co. Cork

When road builders began cutting the route for the N25 Youghal Bypass through Ballynacarriga in County Cork, they uncovered something that had been quietly sealed underground since the early medieval period: a cluster of three corn-drying kilns sitting within an enclosure, each one a small pit dug into the earth to dry harvested grain before it could be milled or stored.

Corn-drying kilns of this type were a common feature of early medieval Irish agriculture, used to remove moisture from grain in a climate where damp was a persistent problem, but finding three together within a single enclosure is relatively unusual and points to a site where grain processing was carried out with some regularity.

The kiln described by excavators Noonan and colleagues measured roughly 2.2 metres east to west and between 0.7 and 1.1 metres north to south, with a maximum depth of around 0.8 metres. Its cut was irregular in shape, with rounded corners, steep sides, and a flat base that sloped from east to west. Notably, no flue was identified, which is the channel that in many kiln types draws air through the fire and up into the drying chamber above. The absence of one here may reflect either the kiln's particular design or the incomplete state of its preservation. At some later point, a second kiln was dug into its south-eastern edge, partially cutting through it, suggesting the site remained in use across more than one phase of activity. Surrounding the kiln was a separate structure interpreted by the excavators as either a superstructure built over it or a windbreak designed to protect the fire from disruption during use.

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