Kiln - lime, Ballyanrahan, Co. Limerick

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Kiln – lime, Ballyanrahan, Co. Limerick

In a flat field in Ballyanrahan, County Limerick, a lime kiln that has not burned since at least the late nineteenth century continues to leave its mark, not as stone or earthwork, but as a faint shadow visible only from above.

The structure is gone at ground level, yet a cropmark, the differential growth of grass or crops over buried remains, revealed the levelled kiln's outline on a Google Earth image captured in November 2019. It is the kind of survival that would be easy to walk past without ever knowing what lay beneath your feet.

The kiln was recorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840, where it appears as a rectangular structure built sometime after 1700. Lime kilns of this type were a commonplace feature of the Irish agricultural landscape; stone or brick-lined furnaces in which limestone was burned to produce quicklime, used to improve acidic soils and to make mortar. By 1897, when the more detailed OS twenty-five-inch map was produced, the site was already annotated as disused. That later survey shows two rectangular structures, each measuring approximately eight metres north to south by ten metres east to west, positioned to the north of a sub-circular hollow roughly ten by thirteen metres across, with an opening on the south-east side. The hollow is consistent with the draw-hole and ash-pit arrangement typical of kilns of this period. The site sits in level pasture about one hundred metres south-west of a burial ground and the same distance east of a structure marked on the 1840 map simply as a 'Thrashing Machine', which speaks to the working, industrious character of this corner of Limerick in the nineteenth century.

There is no physical feature to visit in the conventional sense. The land is ordinary grazing pasture and nothing protrudes above the surface. The kiln's interest lies entirely in what the documentary and remote-sensing record preserves. For those curious about landscape archaeology or the history of rural land use, the OS maps, available through the OSi historic map viewer, show the site's progression from active structure to annotated ruin to absence. The Google Earth cropmark image, compiled as part of a survey by Martin Fitzpatrick and uploaded in June 2020, is itself the most useful way to appreciate what remains, a ghostly rectangle in a green field, legible only under the right conditions of soil moisture and plant stress.

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