Lisheen, Killeen, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
At the eastern end of this early medieval enclosure in County Mayo, a square plot within the older, circular bank has been set aside as a children's burial ground.
That doubling of purpose, an Iron Age or early Christian ringfort quietly absorbing a later, quieter grief, gives the site at Lisheen an atmosphere that goes beyond its archaeology. A rath is a roughly circular earthen or stone-faced enclosure, common across Ireland, typically associated with a farmstead of the early medieval period. Here, the two uses of the space have coexisted long enough that the burial ground is now largely hidden beneath the same overgrowth that presses in from all sides.
The rath itself sits on a low ridge running northeast to southwest, looking out over flat, damp ground that borders the Fiddaunglass River to the south. It is a substantial structure, nearly 54 metres across, with a dry-stone-faced bank that is particularly well preserved along its western and northern arc, where the external face still stands up to two metres high. The stone facing is visible on the inner bank face in places too, though animal burrows have eaten into the earthwork in sections, and later field boundaries have cut across or incorporated the bank at the east and west. On the southwest, the bank has largely worn back to a scarp, though the height there still compensates for a natural drop in the ground. The name Lisheen, a diminutive of the Irish word for fort, appears on Ordnance Survey maps from 1838 and 1922, suggesting the feature was a recognisable landmark long before any formal archaeological attention was paid to it. Two further enclosed sites lie close by, one 160 metres to the northeast and another rath 115 metres to the southeast.
The enclosing bank is now ringed by ash, blackthorn, hawthorn, and bramble, and a blackthorn thicket has pushed into the southwestern interior. The burial ground in the eastern half of the enclosure is obscured by the same vegetation. Such burial grounds, sometimes called cillíní, were traditionally used for children who died unbaptised and who could not be interred in consecrated ground; they are often found in pre-Christian enclosures, which were considered liminal, neither fully of the church nor wholly outside it. That particular overlap of the very old and the relatively recent, stone-faced earthwork meeting quiet unofficial burial custom, is what makes Lisheen something more than a well-preserved field monument.
