Megalithic tomb - court tomb, Ballyganner, Co. Clare

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Megalithic Tombs

Megalithic tomb – court tomb, Ballyganner, Co. Clare

Court tombs, the oldest monument type in Ireland's Neolithic landscape, are overwhelmingly a northern phenomenon.

They cluster in Ulster and Connacht, thinning out as you travel south. Which makes the presence of one in the Burren, sitting in rough pasture above limestone pavement with a ravine cutting the ground to its west, genuinely puzzling. This is among only a handful of court tombs recorded anywhere in the south of Ireland, and one of five known in County Clare. The Ordnance Survey mapmakers of 1842 labelled it simply 'Cromlech', a catch-all Victorian term for any arrangement of standing stones, which perhaps says something about how imperfectly understood it was even then.

The structure itself, recorded in detail by Ruaidhrí de Valera and Seán Ó Nualláin in their 1961 survey of Clare's megalithic tombs, follows the classic court-tomb plan: a forecourt open to the north, lined with low upright limestone slabs, leading through a narrow entrance flanked by tall jambs into a two-chambered gallery. A court tomb, in essence, is a Neolithic communal burial monument in which an unroofed or partially roofed stone forecourt, the 'court', provided a formal threshold before the enclosed burial chambers. Here, the gallery runs roughly north-north-east to south-south-west and stretches just over four metres in length, with its two chambers separated by a pair of pillar-like jambs; a large stone found lying across the gallery between them is thought to be a fallen lintel from above that internal doorway. The southern chamber retains what may be fallen capstones, and outer slabs along both chambers are interpreted as the remains of high-pitched corbelling. The whole sits on a low natural knoll within a much larger and multi-period field system, and a cashel, a type of stone-walled early medieval enclosure, lies some 85 metres to the east-south-east, with a further megalithic structure roughly 154 metres in the same direction. Field boundaries of various dates have encroached on the tomb itself, with one wall incorporating upright slabs from the western side of the court and another abutting the south-west corner of the gallery. T. J. Westropp, who examined the site in the 1890s and again in the early twentieth century, noted what may have been a low kerb of stones running around the mound to the west and north, though this was not confirmed by the 1961 survey. A line of four upright slabs about three to three-and-a-half metres west of the tomb is considered a possible remnant of that kerb. An inspection in 1997 found the monument unchanged from the earlier description.

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