Oran Fort, Oranhill, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
On a ridge above the rough pastureland of Oranhill in County Galway, an early medieval enclosure sits in a state of quiet, imperfect survival.
It is irregularly shaped, which is itself worth noting: most people picture a rath as a neat circular ring, but this one runs roughly 72.5 metres on its northwest to southeast axis and only about 45 metres across the other way, giving it an oval, slightly lopsided character that hints at how it was fitted to the natural contours of the ground.
A rath, sometimes called a ringfort, is an enclosed farmstead of the early medieval period, typically defined by one or more earthen banks with a ditch outside. Here the bank and its external fosse, the ditch that runs around the outer edge of the enclosure, remain in fair condition, though several gaps in the bank appear to be relatively recent breaks rather than original entrances. A field wall, probably agricultural in origin, cuts across the monument at the northwest and south, the ordinary encroachment of later land use onto older structures. More intriguing is what lies beneath the surface in the northeast quadrant of the interior: a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber that was typically used for storage or, in times of stress, as a place of refuge. Souterrains are found across Ireland in association with raths and are one of the more atmospheric features any ringfort can contain, even when, as here, the entrance is no longer obvious at ground level.