Prehistoric site - lithic scatter, Derragh, Co. Longford

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Settlement Sites

Prehistoric site – lithic scatter, Derragh, Co. Longford

On the foreshore of Lough Kinale in County Longford, a small glacial till island holds the traces of human activity going back thousands of years.

What makes this particular patch of ground unusual is less any visible monument than the objects that came out of it: fifty-seven chert flakes, a small polished stone axe, and a possible hammerstone, all recovered in 1969 and assigned to the Late Mesolithic period, a time when Ireland's earliest inhabitants moved through a landscape still adjusting after the last Ice Age.

Chert is a fine-grained silica rock that flakes predictably under controlled force, making it a practical material for cutting and scraping tools. The flakes found here are the byproduct of that kind of knapping work, the manufacturing debris left behind when a tool is shaped or a blade retouched. The polished stone axe represents a slightly more elaborate technology, one associated with woodland clearance and the early reshaping of the environment. The site is recorded in the academic literature as 'Lough Kinale 2', a designation that ties it directly to a possible crannog identified roughly twenty metres to the north. A crannog is an artificial or partly artificial island, typically built in a lake or wetland, and used as a settlement or place of refuge across a long stretch of Irish prehistory and into the early medieval period. Researchers have suggested that the lithic scatter and the possible crannog are likely connected, implying that people were working stone here in proximity to a lake dwelling, or that the same location was used across different periods. The association was explored in publications by Mitchell in 1970, Raftery in 1972, O'Sullivan in 1998, and more recently by Fredengren and colleagues in 2010.

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