Promontory fort - coastal, Acaill Bheag, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Forts
On the small island of Achillbeg, just off the southern tip of Achill Island in County Mayo, a narrow tongue of land juts westward into the Atlantic, fortified by a series of earthen banks and ditches that are easy to walk past without quite registering what they are.
This is a coastal promontory fort, a type of prehistoric or early medieval enclosure in which a headland is defended not by walls around its entire perimeter but by barriers thrown across the narrow neck of land connecting it to the mainland. The sea does much of the defensive work. Here, that isthmus was crossed by two banks and two flat-bottomed ditches, and though the interior beyond them is now entirely featureless, the earthworks themselves survive reasonably well, particularly towards the northern side. The southern end has fared less well, which is perhaps unsurprising given how close the whole site sits to sea level.
The banks are modest in scale: the inner one averages around 0.8 metres high and two metres wide, the outer one barely half that height. Neither shows any trace of stone facing; they are plain, rounded earthworks, worn and grassed over. A path follows the southern cliff edge, and this is the only surviving hint of an entrance into the enclosed headland. About twenty metres inside the fortified line, a third, straighter bank crosses the headland, lower and narrower than the others and lacking any accompanying ditch; it may represent a later field boundary rather than an original defensive feature, and several gaps cut through it for sheep suggest it has been in agricultural use for some time. Just outside the fort, along the northern shore, are the collapsed remains of a small circular stone and earth hut, only four metres in diameter, along with short lengths of bank, a pile of beach pebbles, and an irregular arrangement of slabs. Whether these features belong to the period of the fort or reflect a completely different, later use of the site is unclear, though the presence of a sheltered cove nearby raises the possibility that they are the remnants of fishermen's shelters. The headland also sits immediately north of a second, smaller fort described in earlier antiquarian accounts by the scholar Thomas Johnson Westropp, giving the area an unusual concentration of related monuments on a relatively small island.