Promontory fort - coastal, An Gleann Iarthach, Co. Kerry

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Promontory fort – coastal, An Gleann Iarthach, Co. Kerry

On the Kerry coastline at An Gleann Iarthach, a triangular headland juts out into the Atlantic with sheer cliffs on three sides, cut off from the mainland by a shallow trench.

That trench, a fosse, is only 2.5 metres wide and a metre deep, with low earthen banks on either side. It is, by the standards of the promontory fort tradition, modest to the point of ambiguity. A promontory fort is exactly what the name suggests: a coastal headland defended by earthworks thrown across the landward approach, leaving the sea cliffs to do the rest of the work. Here, though, the earthworks are simply too slight to make that classification certain.

What tips the balance toward earlier human activity is something else entirely. Surveyed in 2003 by Casey, the headland interior contains a small circular earthen enclosure, barely visible in the grass and positioned close to the southern cliff edge. Enclosures of this kind, whether used for shelter, livestock, or ritual purposes, are a recurring feature of coastal headlands that saw occupation in the early medieval or prehistoric periods. The headland itself measures 90 metres wide at the neck and 90 metres long, a substantial flat platform of cleared and drained coarse pasture, though the sea below is not accessible from within. Adding further weight to the picture of a busy stretch of coastline, a larger headland immediately to the south carries evidence of hut sites on its promontory, suggesting this was not an isolated instance of activity but part of a broader pattern of use along this particular reach of cliff.

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