Promontory fort - coastal, Cill Fearnóg, Co. Kerry

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Promontory fort – coastal, Cill Fearnóg, Co. Kerry

On a narrow tongue of land jutting southward into Dingle Bay, someone long ago built a small but carefully organised settlement that used the sea cliffs themselves as part of its defences.

Known as Monacarroge, or Móin na Caróige, the name comes from the field immediately beside it, and it is under that same field name that the antiquarian T. J. Westropp recorded the site in 1910. What makes it quietly arresting is not its scale but its density: within a space of roughly 24 by 15 metres, enclosed by earthen banks and ditches, seven separate hut-sites have been identified, their outlines still readable as low, grass-covered ridges in the ground.

A promontory fort is exactly what it sounds like, a defended enclosure built on a headland where the sea does much of the work, with artificial earthworks thrown across the landward side to complete the barrier. At Monacarroge, that landward defence consists of two banks and two fosses, the outer fosse roughly 0.8 metres deep and the inner bank rising between 2 and 2.7 metres above its own ditch. Where the outer fosse meets the western cliff edge, it turns north and continues for a further 12.5 metres, hugging the cliff to create a narrow ledge just 1.6 metres wide, a detail that suggests the builders thought carefully about every approach. The entrance causeway, crossing the defences at roughly their midpoint, is poorly defined and narrows from about 10 metres wide at the outside to just 2 metres as it rises into the interior. A modern field wall now follows the line of the outer fosse, and the shallow ditch running just inside it was probably dug to supply the earthen material for that wall's core. The seven hut-sites fall into two groups: four adjoin the eastern cliff-edge bank, their back walls formed by it, with internal dimensions mostly in the range of 2.6 to 3.4 metres in length; three more run along the western side, the two northernmost being oval structures standing free of the enclosing bank, each a little over 5 metres long internally. The site was surveyed in detail for J. Cuppage's 1986 Dingle Peninsula archaeological survey, which remains the primary descriptive source for it.

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