Ring-ditch, Burgage More, Co. Wicklow
Co. Wicklow |
Ritual/Ceremonial
A prehistoric burial monument on the edge of a flooded valley is not the kind of thing that announces itself.
At Burgage More in County Wicklow, a ring-ditch, the circular trench that once defined a low burial mound or barrow, sits on what was originally the crest of an east-facing slope above the River Liffey. That valley was deliberately flooded in the twentieth century to create the Pollaphuca reservoir, and the rising and falling water has been quietly stripping the land ever since. Wave action has removed somewhere between 30 and 40 centimetres of topsoil and subsoil along the shoreline, and it is precisely this erosion that has made the monument visible at all. The ground exposed at the south-eastern edge of Burgage More townland has revealed features that would otherwise remain buried, including this ring-ditch and a second, slightly smaller one located roughly 25 metres to the north.
The monument itself is modest in scale but archaeologically interesting. Its internal dimensions measure approximately 5 metres across, with an outer spread of around 5.35 by 5.57 metres, and the ditch itself is only 26 to 35 centimetres wide. There are gaps in the ditch circuit, one at the north-west that is probably just a section too shallow to have survived the erosion, and a more substantial gap of 1.75 metres at the north-east where a later agricultural furrow has cut across the monument and obscured it. That same furrow, running on a roughly north-north-east to south-south-west alignment, crosses the ditch again at the south-west. The presence of these furrows, spaced about 2.5 metres apart and consistent with old ploughing, is actually informative: because the bottoms of the furrows are still visible rather than having been scoured away, it suggests that not a great deal of subsoil has yet been lost across the interior. Within that interior, three small pits were identified, each between 20 and 25 centimetres in diameter, positioned close to the inner edge of the ditch rather than at the centre of the monument. All three contained charcoal, and the interpretation is that they represent the bases of cremation burials. The overall profile, a circular ditch enclosing what appear to be cremation deposits, points firmly toward a barrow rather than any kind of domestic structure. To the east, visible from the site on the hill above, lies a cursus, a type of long, formal enclosure associated with ceremonial activity in the Neolithic and early Bronze Age, suggesting this stretch of the Wicklow uplands once formed part of a broader ritual landscape, now largely submerged or eroded.