Ringfort (Cashel), Ballynacloghy, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In the level grassland of Ballynacloghy, a farmhouse sits quietly between the walls of a structure that is roughly fifteen centuries older than itself.
The building and its outhouses have been constructed directly within the remains of a cashel, a type of ringfort defined not by earthen banks but by drystone walling, and the effect is an accidental layering of domestic life that makes the archaeology genuinely difficult to read. Two concentric walls, spaced roughly 20 metres apart at their southern arc, once enclosed a subcircular space approximately 90 metres across on its northwest to southeast axis. The inner wall can still be traced from the north around to the east and south; the outer picks up from the east, sweeps south, and continues north again. Where the farmhouse occupies the eastern section of the inner wall, that line simply disappears into the building itself.
A cashel of this scale would have been a substantial settlement, most likely of Early Medieval date, perhaps associated with a family of local significance. What adds a further layer of interest is the souterrain recorded in what was once the haggard, the yard or enclosure attached to the farmhouse, where fodder and farm equipment would have been kept. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, typically associated with Irish ringforts of the first millennium, and used variously for storage, refuge, or dairy purposes. McCaffrey noted its existence in 1952, referencing an earlier observation by Holt in 1912, but no surface trace of it remains visible today. It is, in other words, known to have existed, and known to have been swallowed by four hundred years of continued land use. A separate enclosure lies approximately 7 metres to the south-southwest, hinting at a wider pattern of activity in the immediate landscape that the surviving remains only partially suggest.