Ringfort (Cashel), Bullaunagh, Co. Galway

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Ringfort (Cashel), Bullaunagh, Co. Galway

Beneath the ordinary surface of a Galway pasture, something rather more complicated lies underfoot.

In the townland of Bullaunagh, a circular cashel sits in level farmland, its presence felt more than seen. A cashel is a ringfort built from drystone walling rather than earthen banks, a form of enclosed settlement common across early medieval Ireland, typically associated with farming families of middling status. This one measures roughly 25 metres across, and while much of its perimeter has been reduced over time, the southeastern arc of the wall survives in the best condition, offering at least a partial sense of the original enclosure.

What makes this site quietly interesting is not the wall itself but what lies beneath it. In the southwest quadrant of the interior, a souterrain was constructed alongside or as part of the original settlement. Souterrains are underground stone-built passages or chambers, usually associated with early medieval ringforts throughout Ireland. Their exact purpose is still debated, but they are generally thought to have served for storage, refuge, or both. Their presence within a cashel suggests a degree of planning and investment that goes somewhat beyond a simple farmstead enclosure. The souterrain here carries its own separate site record, indicating it has been catalogued as a distinct archaeological feature in its own right.

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