Ringfort (Cashel), Carnaun, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
A cashel is a stone-walled ringfort, the drystone equivalent of the earthen raths found across Ireland, and the example at Carnaun in County Galway is large enough to make you pause.
Measuring roughly 76 metres north to south and 68 metres east to west, it sits on a gentle south-facing slope in open pastureland, its walls long since collapsed into low grassed-over ridges. What makes it quietly arresting is not the enclosure itself but the accumulation of lives it contains: a house, a children's burial ground, a natural mound, and the ghost of a building that was still roofed when the first Ordnance Survey mapped it in 1838.
The internal archaeology is layered in a way that suggests continuous, overlapping use across centuries. In the north-west quadrant, the foundation lines of a small rectangular structure are still faintly legible beneath the turf. The north-east quadrant tells a different story: a children's burial ground, of the kind known in Ireland as a cillín, a place where unbaptised infants and others excluded from consecrated ground were quietly interred, covers most of that corner and physically overlies the north-east end of the earlier house. The sequence is visible in the ground. A low, flat-topped natural mound of about 15 metres in diameter sits to the north-east of centre, its purpose unclear but its presence adding to the sense that this was a place people kept returning to. Outside the cashel wall to the south-east, old field banks define a rectangular area roughly 25 by 15 metres, and within it sit the remains of another rectangular building, 7 metres by 4, aligned east to west. This is almost certainly what the 1838 OS six-inch map recorded as a standing roofed structure, meaning it was still in some form of use well into the nineteenth century. Two gaps in the south-east of the cashel wall, each just over a metre wide, may represent the original entrance, though which one came first is uncertain. A shallow external fosse, a defensive ditch, is still faintly traceable at the north-west.