Ringfort (Cashel), Cave, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Cave, Co. Galway

On a north-east-facing slope in the townland of Cave in County Galway, a large circular cashel sits in open grassland, much of its form dissolved back into the hillside over centuries.

A cashel is a stone-walled ringfort, the drystone equivalent of the more common earthen rath, and this one was once a substantial enclosure, measuring nearly 47 metres in diameter. Most of that wall has fallen or been robbed away, but the south-eastern arc still holds something of its original shape, giving a sense of the scale of whatever settlement or farmstead once operated within.

The earliest published reference to the site appears in a 1903 work by Costello, and even then the structure was described as poorly preserved. What makes the site more than a simple scatter of collapsed stonework is the presence of a souterrain in the south-western quadrant of the interior. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, typically associated with early medieval settlement in Ireland, and thought to have served various purposes including storage, refuge, or ventilation. Their construction required considerable effort, which suggests that whoever lived within this cashel had both the resources and the reason to build one. The combination of a cashel and an internal souterrain is not unusual in the Irish archaeological record, but it does indicate a settlement of some organisation and permanence, likely dating to somewhere in the early medieval period.

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