Ringfort (Cashel), Cloonmeen, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Cloonmeen, Co. Mayo

In the pastureland of Cloonmeen in County Mayo, a roughly circular drystone wall sits almost entirely consumed by its own vegetation.

Blackthorn and hawthorn ring the perimeter, and the interior has disappeared beneath an impenetrable thicket of blackthorn and brambles, making it impossible to examine the ground within. This is a cashel, the Irish term for a stone-walled ringfort, and the enclosure here measures somewhere between twenty and twenty-five metres in diameter. Its wall, built without mortar in the drystone tradition, stands between half a metre and a metre high on the interior face and slightly less on the exterior, with a width of roughly eighty centimetres. What gives this particular example an added layer of quiet interest is how thoroughly it has been absorbed into the working landscape: its perimeter wall has been incorporated directly into a radiating system of later field boundaries, so that what was once a self-contained enclosure is now, visually and functionally, part of the ordinary field pattern of the surrounding farmland.

Ringforts of this kind were built predominantly during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, and served as enclosed farmsteads for individual family groups. Stone-built examples, known as cashels or caiseal, are particularly associated with areas where stone was more readily available than timber. The Cloonmeen example sits on a gentle north-facing slope, with ground dropping gradually away to an expanse of flat, boggy pasture to the north, and coniferous plantation covering much of the rising ground to the south. In the adjacent field to the west, cultivation ridges running on a northeast to southwest axis are visible in the grass, a reminder that this land was worked intensively at some point, most likely during the period of lazy-bed potato cultivation that shaped so much of the west of Ireland's agricultural landscape before the nineteenth century. The ringfort itself shows no noticeable internal raising of the ground, which sometimes occurs in these enclosures through centuries of accumulated occupation debris.

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