Ringfort (Cashel), Deerpark, Co. Longford

Co. Longford |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Deerpark, Co. Longford

Most cashels, the stone-walled enclosures associated with early medieval Ireland, involved considerable effort to level and prepare the ground before any wall was raised.

The one sitting on a low rise in Deerpark, Co. Longford, dispensed with that entirely. Natural rock outcrops push up through the interior without any sign of having been cut back or smoothed, and the collapsed drystone wall that defines the enclosure seems to have been built not in spite of the geology but because of it, tracing the existing line of rock as a ready-made foundation. The result is something that resists easy classification, categorised as a possible cashel while carrying the practical character of a working livestock enclosure rather than a defended farmstead.

The enclosure is subcircular, measuring roughly 47.8 metres north to south and 42.2 metres east to west, with a wall thickness of around four metres where it can still be read in its collapsed state. There are two breaks in the wall circuit: a three-metre gap to the northwest that may represent an entrance, and a wider four-metre gap to the south-southeast that is considered the more likely original opening. Inside, traces of walling and the natural rock surface itself create small subdivisions, informal paddocks whose irregularity fits the uneven terrain. A field-clearance cairn, about six metres across and 0.4 metres high, sits in the southern sector, a modest pile of stones gathered from the ground to make it workable. Outside the enclosure, a series of low drystone walls radiate outward from the northwest, north, and east, meeting a curving field bank and forming further small enclosures, some of which preserve ridge and furrow earthworks, the corrugated surface left by strip cultivation. Two house sites lie within roughly twenty-five metres of the cashel wall, and the houses, the field system, and the enclosure are all thought to be broadly contemporary with one another, suggesting a small agricultural settlement that used whatever the landscape offered and built accordingly.

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