Ringfort (Cashel), Ellagh, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Ellagh, Co. Galway

A low rise in the level grassland of Ellagh, in north County Galway, carries something older than the field walls that now cross it.

What appears at first to be a slight, irregular enclosure is in fact a cashel, a type of early medieval ringfort defined not by an earthen bank but by a wall of dry-laid stone, built without mortar and fitted together by hand. This one is oval in plan, measuring roughly 53 metres along its north-northeast to south-southwest axis and around 36 metres east to west, which makes it a substantial structure by any measure.

The cashel's defining wall has partly collapsed over the centuries, and a later agricultural field wall has been laid directly over it from the northeast around through the south to the southwest, so the two phases of enclosure are now folded into one another. Inside the enclosure there is a recorded souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber of the kind frequently found within early Irish ringforts, typically thought to have served as a place of refuge or cool storage. The survival of both the cashel and its interior feature in the same location offers a rare glimpse into how a single patch of ground was used, modified, and then quietly absorbed into the working landscape across more than a thousand years.

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