Ringfort (Cashel), Houndswood, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Houndswood, Co. Mayo

A cashel is simply a ringfort built from stone rather than earth, and the example at Houndswood in County Mayo is a reasonably substantial one.

Sitting on a ridge that falls away to the south, it encloses a roughly circular area measuring 65 metres north to south and 68 metres east to west, which gives it a footprint large enough to have sheltered a small farming community along with their animals and outbuildings. What makes it worth pausing over is the variation in its defences: a proper stone wall, nearly two metres high and close to two metres wide, runs from the south around to the northwest, while the remainder of the perimeter is formed by a lower bank of earth and stone. Whether this reflects different phases of construction, different practical needs on different sides of the enclosure, or simply the availability of materials, is not recorded.

There is also a gap of just over two metres on the southeast side, almost certainly the original entrance, and evidence of an internal division in the same part of the site. Ringforts of this type are generally associated with the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, when they served as the fortified homesteads of farming families across the social spectrum, from modest free farmers to minor lords. The cashel form is particularly common in the west of Ireland, where stone is more accessible than good timber. This one was documented as part of an archaeological survey of Ballinrobe and its surrounding district, compiled by D. Lavelle and published in 1994 by the Lough Mask and Lough Carra Tourist Development Association, a record that places it among several hundred sites catalogued in that relatively contained area between the two lakes.

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