Ringfort (Cashel), Kilcahill, Co. Galway

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Ringfort (Cashel), Kilcahill, Co. Galway

At Kilcahill in County Galway, there is an archaeological site that no longer exists in any visible form, yet remains on record precisely because it was once there.

Just to the south-west of a cashel, the local term for a stone-built ringfort, a second oval enclosure was identified through aerial photography. A cashel is a roughly circular fortified enclosure, typically of early medieval date, defined by a substantial stone wall. The smaller enclosure nearby appeared to share its character, suggesting the two features may have formed part of the same settlement or landholding. The field in which it lay has since been reclaimed, and no surface trace survives.

The enclosure was first noted during aerial reconnaissance in 1968, captured in the Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography flight AVM 100, and observed again in 1987. At both points it registered clearly enough from the air to be recorded and associated with an adjacent field system, also catalogued as a related feature. The fact that it took two separate aerial surveys, almost twenty years apart, to bring it to wider attention says something about how much of Ireland's early landscape remains legible only from altitude, or not at all once modern agriculture has done its work. By the time it was formally described in the Archaeological Inventory of County Galway, compiled by Olive Alcock, Kathy de hÓra and Paul Gosling and published in 1999, the enclosure had already vanished at ground level.

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