Ringfort (Cashel), Kilfinny, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
What looks at first glance like an unremarkable scatter of stones across rough grazing land near Kilfinny in County Limerick turns out, on closer inspection, to be the remains of a cashel, a type of ringfort built from stone rather than earth, sitting just below the brow of a limestone ridge on a south-facing slope.
Ringforts, which served as enclosed farmsteads during the early medieval period in Ireland, typically consisted of a circular or oval bank enclosing a domestic area. Here, that enclosure is oval, measuring roughly 29 metres north to south and 26 metres east to west, and what gives the site a quietly arresting quality is not any single dramatic feature but the layered complexity visible even in its worn-down state. The bank that defines the enclosure survives to an internal height of nearly a metre on its best-preserved eastern side, while the exterior face has been reduced to little more than 35 centimetres. Loose stone is scattered across the interior, which follows the natural slope of the ground downward toward the south.
The details recorded by Denis Power, who compiled the site notes, suggest there is considerably more going on here than a simple enclosing bank. Projecting roughly 12 metres into the interior from the northern bank is a further denuded stony bank, and a short additional run of similar material survives in the south-western quadrant. Just inside the southern bank sits a low clearance cairn, a modest mound of stones whose function is not specified in the record but which adds to the sense that the interior was organised in ways that are now only partially legible. A gap in the bank toward the south-south-west may mark the site of an original entrance. Equally significant is what lies outside the enclosure. Denuded curvilinear banks abut the cashel to the north-north-east and south-east, and extend downhill to the south for approximately 40 metres and to the east for around 20 metres. These are interpreted as a relict field system, possibly laid out at the same time as the enclosure itself, giving a rare glimpse of the agricultural landscape that would have surrounded an early medieval farmstead.
The site sits in rough grazing land, which means access on foot is the practical approach, and the terrain is uneven. The limestone ridge setting means the ground can be both rocky underfoot and visually confusing, with natural stone difficult to distinguish from the archaeological fabric at first. Aerial photographs taken in March 2006 as part of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland capture the site's layout more legibly than a ground-level visit might, and it is worth reviewing those images beforehand to orient yourself. On the ground, focus on the eastern arc of the enclosing bank, where preservation is strongest, and look outward from the cashel toward the south and east to pick out the subtle ridges of the associated field system running away downslope.