Ringfort (Cashel), Treanlaur, Co. Mayo

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Ringfort (Cashel), Treanlaur, Co. Mayo

At Treanlaur in County Mayo, a low ring of tumbled drystone walling sits on a gentle rise in rough pasture, its enclosing wall partly collapsed, partly absorbed into the ordinary agricultural landscape around it.

This is a cashel, the term used in Irish archaeology for a ringfort built of stone rather than earthen banks, and what makes this particular example quietly interesting is how thoroughly the surrounding field system has grown out of it. Walls radiate away from the enclosure in five directions, north, northeast, southeast, south, and west, as though the cashel became an anchor point for generations of later farming, its ancient boundary repurposed as a hub for dividing the land.

The enclosure itself is roughly subcircular, measuring about 20 metres north to south and 25 metres east to west. The drystone wall, built from random medium-sized rubble with occasional larger boulders, still stands up to 1.8 metres high on the north side, where the natural fall of the ground was used to reinforce the defensive effect. A berm or flat terrace, roughly two and a half to three metres wide, runs around the outside from southwest to northeast, edged by a low outer scarp, adding a further layer of definition to the site. Inside, the ground slopes gently down toward the east and is scattered with blackthorn scrub. A blocked gap in the eastern wall may preserve the line of the original entrance, though the current way in is a three-metre break on the west side. Appended to the southeastern wall is a subrectangular annex, about 12 by 17 metres, with a slightly raised interior, its own low enclosing wall still just legible. This feature may correspond to a small subcircular shape recorded abutting the eastern side of the cashel on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1838, suggesting the outbuilding or enclosure was already there when the first systematic mapping of Ireland was carried out.

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