Ringfort, Castlegar, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort, Castlegar, Co. Galway

In a field near Castlegar in County Galway, the ground holds the faint outline of a structure that once would have been a commanding feature of the early medieval landscape.

It is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was the standard form of enclosed farmstead used across Ireland roughly between the sixth and twelfth centuries. Most were defined by one or more circular earthen banks with accompanying ditches, enclosing a domestic area where a farming family would have lived and kept livestock. This particular example is double-banked, meaning it originally had two concentric banks and two fosses, or ditches, which suggests a settlement of some local importance; single-bank raths were far more common.

The site measures approximately forty-five metres in diameter and sits on level grassland, which is itself slightly unusual. Ringforts more often occupy elevated ground where natural visibility and drainage were advantages. Here the two banks and their accompanying fosses survive in reasonable condition along the southern, western, northern, and eastern arcs, but a field wall and a road have disturbed the circuit elsewhere, interrupting what would once have been a complete enclosure. The outermost fosse is the most fragmentary element, traceable now only between the southern and western sections. What remains is enough to read the shape of the original design, even if the full scale of it requires a degree of imagination to reconstruct.

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Pete F
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