Ringfort, Killuppaun, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In the rolling grassland of Killuppaun in County Galway, a large circular earthwork is losing its argument with the modern landscape.
The monument is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, typically a raised, roughly circular enclosure defined by an earthen bank and ditch, used as a farmstead and place of shelter during the early medieval period. This one measures roughly fifty metres north to south and forty-five metres east to west, which would once have made it a fairly substantial example. Today, however, the defining feature is not what remains but what has been removed: a road cuts through it from both the east and west sides, and a field bank has intruded from the north, leaving only a scarp, a low slope or edge of raised ground, surviving in a broken arc from the south-east round through the south to the south-south-west, and from the west to the north.
What makes the site quietly worth noting is the probable souterrain recorded in its interior. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, typically associated with early medieval ringforts and thought to have served for storage, refuge, or both. Their presence often suggests a site of some significance; they required considerable effort to construct. This one has not been excavated or fully confirmed, and the rath itself is described as very poorly preserved, so much of what the enclosure once looked like can only be inferred from what little earthwork survives above ground and from the broader pattern of similar sites across the west of Ireland.