Known as Lios na Ceallúnaí, the enclosure in An Bhánóg Theas measures roughly 66 metres along its longer axis, making it a substantial example of what might once have been a rath, the type of enclosed farmstead that early medieval Irish families built as a combination of home, status symbol, and livestock enclosure. But it may equally have begun as an ecclesiastical settlement, and the distinction matters, because the north-eastern portion of the interior was later used as a calluragh, an informal burial ground typically associated with unbaptised children or others excluded from consecrated ground. A site that started as one thing and quietly became another is unusual enough; one where the original purpose remains genuinely uncertain is rarer still.

The physical evidence is layered and not easy to read. An Ordnance Survey account described a circular enclosure of about 50 metres in diameter with a bank roughly 0.9 metres high, but the enclosure as it now stands is oval, and for much of its perimeter the original bank has been absorbed into field fences. Only the southern section survives undisturbed, where the bank runs about 2 metres wide and reaches up to a metre in height. Inside the enclosure there are two rectangular sunken foundations. One, in the north-western corner, measures 6 metres by 4.8 metres. The other sits within the calluragh area to the north-east, where the ground is scattered with grass-covered stones, many of them quartz, and drops about a metre at its southern edge to the level of the rest of the interior. This second structure, measuring 7 metres by 3.8 metres and aligned north-west to south-east with a probable entrance in the north-west wall, was interpreted by a researcher named Ashe, writing in 1954, as a church. Whether the two foundations belong to the original occupation of the site or arrived much later is not established. Adding to the puzzle, a coffin-shaped standing stone inscribed with two crosses was once recorded at the edge of the calluragh area, but when the site was surveyed for the 1986 Corca Dhuibhne archaeological survey compiled by J. Cuppage, it could no longer be found.