Ringfort (Rath), Ardnagall, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ardnagall, Co. Galway

On a low hillock above poorly drained grassland in north Galway, the earthwork at Ardnagall is the kind of site that rewards a second look.

At first glance it reads simply as a slight rise in a field, edges softened by centuries of weather and occasional quarrying. But the underlying form is that of a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval settlement monument in the country. These were typically enclosed farmsteads, home to a single family and their livestock, defended by one or more banks and ditches rather than by stone walls.

This particular example is subcircular in plan, measuring roughly fifty metres on its northeast to southwest axis and forty metres on its northwest to southeast axis. What remains of the defensive circuit includes a scarp, an intervening fosse (the ditch that once separated inner and outer earthworks), and an outer bank. These features are best preserved on the southeastern arc and from the south-southwest around to the northwest; on the southern side they have been quarried away, leaving that portion of the monument incomplete. A possible entrance may once have opened to the west, and field boundaries have cut across the monument at both the northwest and southeast. Approximately one hundred and fifty metres to the southwest, a second ringfort survives, which suggests this was once a more densely settled corner of the landscape than it might appear today.

The site sits on slightly elevated ground with views northeast over wet, low-lying terrain, a positioning that is typical of ringforts generally, whose builders favoured gentle rises that offered drainage, visibility, and a degree of natural defence without requiring a commanding hilltop. The quarrying that damaged the southern bank is a reminder of how routinely these monuments were used as convenient sources of stone or fill long after their original purpose was forgotten.

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