Ringfort (Rath), Ballinamore, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballinamore, Co. Mayo

Inside a walled grove of beech and sycamore trees on the former demesne of Ballinamore House in County Mayo, a ringfort quietly persists, hemmed in on all sides by the field walls that were built around it.

A rath, as these earthwork enclosures are commonly known in Irish archaeology, is typically a raised circular platform defined by a bank and an outer ditch called a fosse, and this one has been effectively boxed into its own small woodland, sealed off from the surrounding pasture. The grove was named 'High Clump' on a nineteenth-century map, which has a pleasingly matter-of-fact quality given that it was unwittingly preserving something considerably older beneath its canopy.

The rath sits on a low natural rise about 130 metres west of the Geestaun River, with a tributary stream passing along its southern side and open views northward along the river corridor. It was recorded as a circular embanked enclosure on the 1838 Ordnance Survey six-inch map, but had disappeared from the 1919 edition, suggesting that by then the enclosing woodland had obscured it sufficiently that mapmakers either missed or omitted it. The earthworks themselves are still reasonably legible on the ground. The raised platform measures roughly 22 by 23 metres and is defined by a scarp that reaches 1.8 metres in height on the north and south arcs, where it merges with the natural contours of the rise. The fosse survives in different forms around the circuit: as a cut terrace two and a half to three metres wide on the northern and southern slopes, as an arc of damp ground at the south-west, and as a more conventional ditch cutting across the spine of the rise at the west and north-west. On the eastern arc there are traces of a possible outer bank, a low earthen rise with a broad external slump six to seven metres wide. Two slight irregularities in the scarp, one at the north-east and one at the south-east facing the stream, might represent original entrances to the enclosure, though neither is well defined enough to say so with confidence.

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